… Bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) vary in size from 20 to 500 nm and are surrounded by
a membrane bilayer derived from bacterial … The effects of bacterial vesicles are not always …

… Given that planktonic OMVs show a more effective ability than their biofilm counterparts [107],
we suggest that the highly active OMVs of planktonic bacteria may benefit the biofilm …

… induce an envelope stress response that provides the benefits of adaptation in the bacterial
community [37]. The production of BMVs can be stimulated by envelope stress and other …

… bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) during their normal growth. Gram-negative bacteria
produce BMVs termed outer membrane vesicles … and facilitate numerous bacterial functions, …

… -negative bacteria, membrane vesicles (MVs) can originate either from blebs of the outer
membrane or … We also discuss the advantages of MV-mediated secretion compared with classic …

… Bacteria release membrane vesicles that are capable of various biological functions, …
is an approach that has been used to improve upon the inherent benefits offered by OMVs. …

… by assembling components derived from bacteria cell wall, flagellum, and nucleoid into a …
and showed excellent prophylactic and therapeutic effects against OVA-expressed tumors. …

… types of cell membranes, bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) … OMVs are secreted by
all bacterial species, including Gram-… that takes advantage of host–bacterial interaction [58]. …

… a therapeutic tumor vaccine that economically, efficiently, and persistently produced therapeutic
effects. … and synergistically exerted tumor suppression effects through multiple pathways. …

… advantages relative to aluminum adjuvants in the current market (82). Moreover, although
studies have shown that membrane vesicles produced by Gram-positive bacteria … bacteria; thus…